Are dividends or capital gains taxed more?
The long-term capital gains tax rate is more favorable and it kicks in when you sell an investment that you've owned for one year or longer. These are the same rates that apply to qualified dividends: 0%, 15% and 20%. Again, the rate you pay depends on your filing status and household income.
After the sale of a capital asset, your gains become part of a taxable income. The tax rate for capital gains is higher compared to dividends. Also, short-term capital gains and long-term capital gains have different levels of tax liability.
The most important thing to understand is that long-term realized capital gains are subject to a substantially lower tax rate than ordinary income. This means that investors have a big incentive to hold appreciated assets for at least a year and a day, qualifying them as long-term and for the preferential rate.
A mutual fund dividend is income earned by the fund from dividends and interest paid by the fund's holdings. A capital gain distribution occurs when the fund sells assets during the year and the gains on those sales exceed the losses.
Key Takeaways
Regular dividends are taxed as ordinary income, just like interest or work income, even if they are reinvested. Qualified dividends are instead taxed at the more favorable capital gains rate. Keeping dividend flows in tax-exempt accounts like a Roth IRA shields investors from these taxable events.
The tax rates differ for capital gains based on whether the asset was held for the short term or long term before being sold. The tax rate for dividend income differs based on whether the dividends are ordinary or qualified, with only qualified dividends obtaining the lower capital gains tax rate.
Options include owning dividend-paying stocks in a tax-advantaged retirement account or 529 plan. You can also avoid paying capital gains tax altogether on certain dividend-paying stocks if your income is low enough. A financial advisor can help you employ dividend investing in your portfolio.
Whereas ordinary dividends are taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividends that meet certain requirements are taxed at lower capital gain rates. The payer of the dividend is required to correctly identify each type and amount of dividend for you when reporting them on your Form 1099-DIV for tax purposes.
Long-term capital gains can't push you into a higher tax bracket, but short-term capital gains can. Understanding how capital gains work could help you avoid unintended tax consequences. If you're seeing significant growth in your investments, you may want to consult a financial advisor.
Since the tax break for over 55s selling property was dropped in 1997, there is no capital gains tax exemption for seniors. This means right now, the law doesn't allow for any exemptions based on your age. Whether you're 65 or 95, seniors must pay capital gains tax where it's due.
How much in taxes do you pay on dividends?
How dividends are taxed depends on your income, filing status and whether the dividend is qualified or nonqualified. Nonqualified dividends are taxed as income at rates up to 37%. Qualified dividends are taxed at 0%, 15% or 20% depending on taxable income and filing status.
If your goal is long-term portfolio growth, dividend reinvestment makes sense: Reinvested dividends help grow your investment. If you aim to generate an income stream or fund an immediate financial need, you're better off taking cash dividends.
| Rate | Single | Married Filing Jointly |
|---|---|---|
| 0% | $0 – $44,625 | $0 – $89,250 |
| 15% | $44,625 – $492,300 | $89,250 – $553,850 |
| 20% | $492,300+ | $553,850+ |
While reinvesting dividends can help grow your portfolio, you generally still owe taxes on reinvested dividends each year. Reinvested dividends may be treated in different ways, however. Qualified dividends get taxed as capital gains, while non-qualified dividends get taxed as ordinary income.
One disadvantage of dividend-paying stocks (or mutual funds that invest in dividend-paying stocks) is that they accelerate taxes. Regardless of how long you hold the stock, you'll owe taxes on dividends as they're paid, which erodes your returns over time.
- Dividend payments aren't guaranteed.
- Dividend income is taxable.
- Interest rates can affect dividend payments.
Net capital gains are taxed at different rates depending on overall taxable income, although some or all net capital gain may be taxed at 0%. For taxable years beginning in 2023, the tax rate on most net capital gain is no higher than 15% for most individuals.
The capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets held for longer than a year. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less correspond to ordinary income tax brackets: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% or 37%.
Qualified dividends are taxed at capital gain rates of 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your tax bracket. If you are: In the 10% or 12% tax bracket, your qualified dividends are taxed at 0%, In the 22%, 24%, 32%, or 35% tax bracket, your qualified dividends are taxed at 15%, and.
For 2024, you may qualify for the 0% long-term capital gains rate with taxable income of $47,025 or less for single filers and $94,050 or less for married couples filing jointly.
Do dividends count as income for Social Security?
Pension payments, annuities, and the interest or dividends from your savings and investments are not earnings for Social Security purposes. You may need to pay income tax, but you do not pay Social Security taxes.
The IRS allows you to apply up to $3,000 in net capital gains losses to reduce other taxable income. This lets you potentially save money on taxes. The net capital losses can be applied to ordinary income as well as dividend income. Otherwise, however, capital losses can't be used to shelter dividend income from taxes.
Dividend reinvestment is a great way for an investor to steadily grow wealth. Many brokers and companies enable investors to automate this process, allowing them to buy more shares (even fractional ones) with each payment and compounding their returns, which can add up over time.
| Capital Gains Tax Rate | Taxable Income (Single) | Taxable Income(Married Filing Separate) |
|---|---|---|
| 0% | Up to $47,025 | Up to $47,025 |
| 15% | $47,026 to $518,900 | $47,026 to $291,850 |
| 20% | Over $518,900 | Over $291,850 |
Gains from the sale of assets you've held for longer than a year are known as long-term capital gains, and they are typically taxed at lower rates than short-term gains and ordinary income, from 0% to 20%, depending on your taxable income.
